Bookshelf

NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

Federal Policy to Advance Racial, Ethnic, and Tribal Health Equity

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice; Committee on the Review of Federal Policies that Contribute to Racial and Ethnic Health Inequities ; Editors: Amy B. Geller , Daniel E. Polsky , and Sheila P. Burke .

Racially and ethnically minoritized populations and tribal communities often face preventable inequities in health outcomes due to structural disadvantages and diminished opportunities around health care, employment, education, and more. Federal Policy to Advance Racial, Ethnic, and Tribal Health Equity analyzes how past and current federal policies may create, maintain, and/or amplify racial, ethnic, and tribal health inequities. This report identifies key features of policies that have served to reduce inequities and makes recommendations to help achieve racial, ethnic, and tribal health equity.

Contents

• The National Academies of SCIENCES • ENGINEERING • MEDICINE
• COMMITTEE ON THE REVIEW OF FEDERAL POLICIES THAT CONTRIBUTE TO RACIAL AND ETHNIC HEALTH INEQUITIES
• Reviewers
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• Acronyms and Abbreviations
• Key Terms
• Abstract
• Summary
  • INTRODUCTION
  • ACTION STEPS TO ADVANCE HEALTH EQUITY
  • CALL TO ACTION
  • CHAPTER 2: CONNECTION BETWEEN HEALTH EQUITY AND HISTORY, FEDERAL POLICY, AND DATA
  • CHAPTER 3: ECONOMIC STABILITY
  • CHAPTER 4: EDUCATION ACCESS AND QUALITY
  • CHAPTER 5: HEALTH CARE ACCESS AND QUALITY
  • CHAPTER 6: NEIGHBORHOOD AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT
  • CHAPTER 7: SOCIAL AND COMMUNITY CONTEXT
  • CHAPTER 8: ROADMAP TO HEALTH EQUITY
  • INTRODUCTION
  • THE URGENCY OF ADDRESSING HEALTH INEQUITIES
  • ROOT CAUSES OF HEALTH INEQUITIES IN THE UNITED STATES
  • THE COMMITTEE'S APPROACH
  • CURRENT LANDSCAPE
  • STUDY PROCESS AND REPORT OVERVIEW
  • CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS
  • REFERENCES
  • INTRODUCTION
  • GOVERNMENTAL STRUCTURES AND POWER
  • HISTORICAL AND CURRENT STRUCTURAL RACISM: FUNDAMENTAL CONTRIBUTORS TO HEALTH INEQUITY
  • STATE OF HEALTH INEQUITIES IN THE UNITED STATES
  • DATA GAPS AND OPPORTUNITIES
  • CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS
  • REFERENCES
  • INTRODUCTION
  • INCOME AND EMPLOYMENT
  • POVERTY
  • WEALTH
  • FINANCIAL SERVICES
  • CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS
  • REFERENCES
  • INTRODUCTION
  • EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION
  • K–12 EDUCATION
  • HIGHER EDUCATION
  • SCHOOL OPPORTUNITIES TO DIRECTLY PROMOTE HEALTH, INSURANCE COVERAGE, AND ACCESS TO CARE
  • CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS
  • REFERENCES
  • INTRODUCTION
  • FEDERAL HEALTH CARE POLICY OVERVIEW
  • HEALTH CARE ACCESS AND HEALTH CARE INEQUITY
  • MEDICAID
  • HEALTH LITERACY AND LANGUAGE ACCESS
  • HEALTH EQUITY IN VALUE-BASED CARE AND QUALITY PROGRAMS
  • REPRESENTATION AND INCLUSION IN HEALTH CARE
  • HEALTH CARE ACCESS, QUALITY, AND INCLUSION FOR SPECIFIC POPULATIONS
  • CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS
  • REFERENCES
  • STRUCTURED INSECURITY: HOUSING SEGREGATION AND DISPLACEMENT
  • INFRASTRUCTURE: INVESTMENT, DISINVESTMENT, AND COMMUNITY HEALTH
  • ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES: WORKPLACE VULNERABILITIES
  • FOOD ACCESS AND PRODUCTION
  • CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS
  • REFERENCES
  • INTRODUCTION
  • VIOLENCE, PUBLIC SAFETY, AND THE CRIMINAL LEGAL SYSTEM
  • TRAUMA AND HEALING
  • CIVIC ENGAGEMENT AND BELONGING
  • CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS
  • REFERENCES
  • INTRODUCTION
  • RECOMMENDATIONS
  • CALL TO ACTION
  • REFERENCES

  This activity was supported by contract/task order HHSP233201499929B/75P0 0121F37110 between the National Academy of Sciences and the Office of Minority Health, an operating agency of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization or agency that provided support for the project.

  Suggested citation:

  National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Federal policy to advance racial, ethnic, and tribal health equity. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/26834.

  Library of Congress Control Number: 2023945751

  This publication is available from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Keck 360, Washington, DC 20001; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313; http://www.nap.edu.

  Printed in the United States of America.